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The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is one of the
under-appreciated “worker bees” of the networking world. Everyone
knows how important key protocols such as the Internet Protocol are
to TCP/IP, but few realize that the suite as a whole relies on many
functions that ICMP provides. Originally created to allow the
reporting of a small set of error conditions, ICMP messages are
now used to implement a wide range of error-reporting, feedback
and testing capabilities. While each message type is unique,
they are all implemented using a common message format, sent
and received based on relatively simple protocol rules. This
makes ICMP one of the easiest TCP/IP protocols to understand.
In the download section I provide a general description of ICMP.
I begin with an overview of ICMP, discussing its purpose,
history, and the versions and standards that define it.
I describe the general method by which ICMP operates,
and also discuss the rules that govern how and when ICMP
messages are created and processed. I then outline the common
format used for ICMP messages in ICMPv4 and ICMPv6, and how
data is encapsulated in them in general terms. I conclude with
a discussion of ICMP message classifications, and a summary
of different message types and codes for both version 4 and
version 6. Enjoy!
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